Nanoscale Artificial Nose Sniffs Out Cancer
An artificial electronic “nose” that uses nanomaterials to recognize patterns of molecules in exhaled breath was able to distinguish between patients with head and neck or lung cancer and healthy controls, according to a study by researchers in Israel published by the British Journal of Cancer this week.
The nanoscale artificial nose (NA-NAS) was developed by the study’s lead author, Professor H Haick, and his group of Technion, Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa. Awaiting the results of their study will lead to the development of a fast, reliable and cost effective for the differential diagnosis of head and neck cancer, and possibly also an assessment tool, based on artificial nose.
Head and neck cancer is a group of cancers that affect the lips, mouth, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, salivary glands, pharynx and larynx. It is the eighth most common cancer in the world, and the U.S., for example, is between 3 and 5% of all cancers.
Head and neck cancer is often diagnosed late, due to lack of detection methods. Patients treated for head and neck cancer are also at increased risk of developing a new cancer in the aero-digestive tract, usually in the head and neck, esophagus or lungs, so they need regular checkups by life.
NA-NAS uses an array of gold nanoparticles, five sensors and computer algorithms to detect patterns of volatile organic compounds in exhaled air.
Due to the small size of nanoparticles sensors, thousands of times smaller than the thickness of a human hair, a few molecules are sufficient to change the electrical properties of the material, which in the case of NA-NAS is based on gold and platinum “functionalized” with organic ligands customize particular sense of organic compounds.
According to Technion, its sensors nanoparticles are up to 1,000 times more sensitive and respond much faster than most current state of the art sensors. They are also designed to detect low concentrations of compounds, which is very important because exhaled air is over 80% of water vapor.
For this study, which was designed as a clinical trial in cross section (which measures one or more variables at one point in time and compare the values in all groups), researchers collected breath of more than 80 volunteers, which patients with head and neck cancer, patients with lung cancer and healthy controls.
The use of analytical tools to measure statistically significant differences between the chemical composition of the artificial nose detected in 62 samples.
The researchers said their artificial nose could be a “clear distinction” between:
* Head and neck cancer patients and healthy controls* Patients with lung cancer and healthy controls, and* Head and neck cancer patients and patients with lung cancer.
A separate analysis of the breath sample 40, using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis also showed statistically significant differences in the chemical composition of air exhaled from the three groups, supporting the findings of the artificial nose.
Haick and his colleagues concluded that:
“The results presented may lead to the development of a cost-effective, fast and reliable method for differential diagnosis of CCC [head and neck cancer] that is based on breath tests with a NA-NAS, with a future potential as a screening tool. ”
Haick said that now we have to replicate these findings in larger studies to test the feasibility of developing NA-nose as a diagnostic and screening tool, reports the BBC.
Although it is likely that many years before we see the artificial nose in a clinic, the study’s findings seem to offer a promising starting point for developing a breath test direct head and neck cancer.
Nanoscale Artificial Nose Sniffs Out Cancer
Tags: lead author, analytical tools, electrical properties, computer algorithms, differential diagnosis
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